Landara Blog

Shopify counts your stock. Getting it costed is the harder half. Guides on FIFO cost of goods sold, landed cost, and the journal your bookkeeper actually needs.

The cost is recorded at the moment of the saleEditing the field later moves forward only. It never reaches back.APRIL200 units sellcost recorded: $10.00MAYFreight + duty landfield edited: $14.00later orders: correctWHAT APRIL STILL REPORTS200 × $10.00 = $2,000, when the true cost was 200 × $14.00 = $2,800.$800 shortWorked example. Round numbers, so the arithmetic can be checked.
Guide

Does Updating Cost per Item Fix Past Shopify Orders?

No. Shopify records the cost at the moment an order is placed, so correcting the field today leaves every month you have already sold exactly as it was. What the edit does, what it cannot reach, and how a month actually gets restated.

7 min read
THE FORMULA DOES NOT COMPUTE COGS. IT BACK-SOLVES IT.TWO VERY DIFFERENT QUARTERSQuarter A750 units sold to customersnothing lostQuarter B700 units sold to customers50 units gone, nobody knows howTHE SAME THREE INPUTSBeginning inventory$4,800+ Purchases$9,600- Ending inventory$4,000COUNTED, NOT CALCULATED250 units on the shelf, either waybecause the 50 are not there to countONE ANSWERCost of goods sold$10,400Quarter A revenue $24,000Quarter B revenue $22,400$800 of loss, filed as cost of salesWhatever is missing from the count becomes cost of goods sold, by definition.And every receipt of stock arrives at a different price, so all three inputs are valuations.
Guide

COGS Formula: What It Calculates, and What It Hides

Beginning inventory + purchases - ending inventory = COGS. A worked quarter that ties both ways, why that formula is the periodic method rather than a calculation, and the arithmetic showing two very different quarters producing an identical answer.

11 min read
THE ENTRY TAKES TEN SECONDS. THE AMOUNT TAKES A LEDGER.RECEIPTS OF STOCK12 March600 units, goods $6,000freight, duty, clearance $1,200$12.0028 April400 units, goods $4,800freight, duty, clearance $1,400$15.50MAY SALES, OLDEST LAYER FIRST450 units shipped150 x $12.00 = $1,800300 x $15.50 = $4,650$6,450the cost of the units that leftTHE JOURNALDr Cost of Goods Sold$6,450Cr Inventory$6,450A COST PER SKU WOULD HAVE SAID450 x $10.00 = $4,500$1,950 of margin you never hadEvery receipt of stock arrives at a different price, and your store keeps one.Cost of sales plus closing stock has to add back to what came in. A report never has to.
Guide

COGS Journal Entry: How to Prepare One You Can Defend

A COGS journal is Dr COGS / Cr Inventory, and writing it takes ten seconds. The amount takes a ledger. A three-month worked example, why a late freight invoice makes two months wrong instead of one, and what has to sit behind each line.

8 min read
ONE FIELD, FOUR DEFENSIBLE ANSWERSWHAT ARRIVEDMARCH300 units @ $10.40JUNE500 units @ $12.90Same barcode. Same bin.Two genuinely different costs.400 sold in JulySHOPIFYCost per itemone valueChanges only whensomebody changes it.COGS ON THOSE 400 UNITSMarch cost, $10.40$4,160June cost, $12.90$5,160Weighted average, $11.96$4,785Oldest first, per receipt$4,410A $1,000 spread, on one product, in one month.Only the last one ties back to the $9,570 you spent.Accuracy was never the missing ingredient. Room was.
Guide

How to Manage Costs in Shopify When Stock Arrives at Several Prices

Shopify's Cost per item holds one number and changes only when you change it, like the RRP field. Why a more accurate cost still gives you the wrong margin, and what a cost record needs instead.

9 min read
ONE PRODUCT, THREE PURCHASE PRICESA FIELDShopify Cost per item$10.00$11.40CURRENT$12.00One value. Each updateoverwrites the one before it.The units you sold at $10.00are now costed at $12.00.A LEDGEROne row per receipt12 MAR400 units @ $10.00OLDEST29 MAY600 units @ $11.4003 AUG500 units @ $12.00SALENothing is overwritten. A newdelivery is a new row.March units keep the March cost.Shopify counts your stock. The cost side needs the other shape.
Guide

Can Shopify Track Two Costs for the Same Product?

Shopify holds one Cost per item per variant, and every update overwrites the last. Why the same product genuinely has several costs, what a cost layer is, how it differs from a batch, and the four workarounds people try.

10 min read
StockyretiredForecasting & replenishmentStockTrim, Prediko, Inventory PlannerPurchase ordersPrediko, Fabrikatör, a full IMSCOGS, landed cost & stocktakesLandara: the cost layer beside ShopifyStock levels & productsShopify admin keeps these: free
Guide

After Stocky: Who Tracks What Your Stock Cost?

Every Stocky replacement list covers forecasting and purchase orders. Almost none covers the job that hurts at month end: cost tracking. How each class of replacement handles COGS, and how to rebuild a cost baseline now the history has gone.

11 min read
FIRST IN, FIRST OUTYOUR COST LAYERSOne layer per stock receipt, at the cost you actually paidMAR receipt · oldest120 units left @ $11.40selling nowMAY receipt500 units @ $12.10waitingJUL receipt · newest500 units @ $13.05waitingSame SKU, three different real costsOrder #10423 units shipCOGS, TO THE CENTOrder #1042 · 3 unitsCosted from MAR layer3 × $11.40COGS for this order$34.20Not the July price. The cost of the units that shipped.MONTH-END JOURNALDr Cost of Goods Sold$8,412.60Cr Inventory$8,412.60Ready to post to Xero or QuickBooksShopify keeps the quantity. The ledger keeps the cost.Shopify has one cost field per product. FIFO needs a dated layer per receipt.That is why the cost ledger has to live somewhere else
Guide

How Do I Track FIFO COGS for Shopify?

Shopify tracks quantity, not cost. Here are the 4 ways to track FIFO cost of goods sold for a Shopify store, and how to get a COGS number your accountant will accept.

9 min read
TWO VERSIONS OF THE TRUTHSHOPIFY ADMINSKU: KET-BLK-0184units on handWhat the report saysTHE SHELFCounted on Saturday71units you can touchWhat is actually thereTHE GAP13units of mysteryWhere the gap comes fromReceipts neverenteredReturns notrestockedBundles andkitsDamage andtheftCSV edits andfat fingersEvery unit in the gap is money: it was bought, it cost something, and nobody knows where it went
Guide

Why Is My Shopify Inventory Always Wrong?

Shopify inventory drifts because counts are only as good as the last human action that touched them. The 6 causes of drift, and how to stop losing hours to reconciliation.

8 min read
HALF YOUR P&L ARRIVES ON AUTOPILOTShopifyorders · payoutsfulfilmentsTHE REVENUE SIDE · SOLVEDNative integrations and connector apps movesales, refunds and fees automaticallyDr Bank / Cr Sales ✓THE COST SIDE · MISSINGNo connector knows what your units cost,so COGS and inventory sit wrong all yearTHE FIX: A COSTED JOURNALDr COGS $8,412 / Cr Inventory $8,412Xero / QuickBooksgross profit you can trust,every month, not just at year endRevenue syncs itself. COGS never does, because nothing upstream knows your costs.The missing piece is a cost ledger between Shopify and your books
Tutorial

How Do I Get Shopify COGS Into Xero or QuickBooks?

Sales connectors move Shopify revenue into your books, but nothing moves the cost side. How the monthly COGS journal works, and how to produce one that is actually right.

9 min read
FREIGHT INVOICE#FW-2024-0847Total:$4,287.50PDF InvoiceAI EXTRACTIONEXTRACTED DATA98% conf.VendorGlobal Freight Co.Invoice #FW-2024-0847Date2024-11-15CurrencyUSDCost Line ItemsOcean Freight 40HC$2,800.00BAF Surcharge$420.00THC Origin$285.00Documentation Fee$85.00Customs Clearance$450.00Local Delivery$247.50Total$4,287.50
Tutorial

How Does AI Extract Data from Freight Invoices?

Learn how AI extracts costs, dates, and line items from freight invoices automatically, saving hours of manual data entry and reducing errors by up to 90%.

6 min read
SUPPLIER INVOICE$10,000ProductsFREIGHT INVOICE$1,200FreightCUSTOMS BILL$800DutyImport DocumentsLLANDARACost AllocationPer-Unit Landed CostProduct Cost$10.00Freight$1.20Duty$0.80Total Landed$12.00+20% from supplier costXEROBills CreatedSupplier Co$10,000DraftFreight Co$1,200DraftCustoms Broker$800DraftInventory ValuationReflects true landed cost$12,000(not just $10,000)
Tutorial

How Do I Add Landed Costs to Xero?

Learn how to get accurate landed costs into Xero for proper inventory valuation and COGS reporting, without manual journals or complex workarounds.

7 min read
DESTINATION PORTCIFCost, Insurance, FreightPRODUCT COST$12,000Factory priceINSURANCE$500Cargo coverageFREIGHT$2,500Origin → Dest. portCIF TOTAL$15,000+ LANDED COSTSPort to WarehouseDUTY (8%)$1,200Import taxGST (10%)$1,620On CIF + dutyCLEARANCE$600DELIVERY$450TOTAL LANDED COST$18,870+26% above CIFCIFDuty+GSTOther
Guide

What is the Difference Between CIF and Landed Cost?

CIF includes product, insurance, and freight to port. Landed cost adds duty, clearance, and delivery. Learn why the difference matters for pricing.

6 min read
TRUE COST BREAKDOWNProduct Cost$10,00069%International Freight$1,2008%Customs Duty (8%)$8966%Import GST (10%)$1,2108%Customs Clearance$2752%Port Charges$3502%Local Delivery$4503%Insurance$450.3%SUPPLIER PRICE$10.00per unit (1,000 units)HIDDEN COSTS+ $4,426+44% above product priceTRUE LANDED COST$14.43per unit in your warehouseTotal: $14,426
Guide

How Much Does It Cost to Import from China?

Importing from China costs more than the product price. Learn the 8 cost categories most small importers miss, and how to track them without complex systems.

8 min read
FFactoryPOrigin Port~In TransitPDest. PortWWarehouseFOBFree On BoardSupplier paysYou pay: freight + insurance + duty + clearance + delivery$15,735CIFCost, Insurance, FreightSupplier pays: product + freight + insuranceYou pay: duty + clearance + delivery$16,494DDPDelivered Duty PaidSupplier pays: everything (product + freight + insurance + duty + clearance + delivery)$16,500COMPARISONFOBControl: MaximumCIFControl: MediumDDPControl: Minimum
Guide

What is FOB vs CIF vs DDP? Incoterms Explained for Importers

FOB, CIF, and DDP are Incoterms that define who pays for shipping, insurance, and duties. Learn which term is best for your import business.

8 min read
WHAT YOU EXPECTEDBase duty rate10%on $10,000 = $1,000Simple, right?WHAT YOU ACTUALLY PAY$2,800+28% effective rate — not 10%Why?THE 6 FACTORS1HS Code ClassificationWrong code = wrong rate+3-5%2Country of OriginNo FTA = full rate+0-25%3Additional TariffsSection 301, anti-dumping+7.5-25%4Declared ValueCIF, not just product price+freight+ins5Broker & Processing FeesMPF, HMF, exam fees+$200-4006Currency & TimingExchange rate fluctuationvariableCosts stack, that's why duty surprises you
Guide

Why Is My Customs Duty So High?

Customs duty higher than expected? Learn the 6 factors that affect import duty rates and why your actual charges often exceed initial estimates.

7 min read
4 WAYS TO ALLOCATE FREIGHT COSTS$3,000 FreightBY VALUEProduct A: $8,000 (53%)B: $5,000 (33%)CHigher value = more freightBest for: Duty, insuranceBY WEIGHTA: 500kg(50%)B: 300kg(30%)CHeavier = more freightBest for: Sea/air freightBY QUANTITY1,000 units total = $3/unitEqual cost per unitBest for: Similar itemsBY VOLUMEA: 2 CBM(50%)BCBulkier = more freightBest for: FCL, bulky goodsSAME SHIPMENT, DIFFERENT ALLOCATIONProductBy ValueBy WeightBy QuantityBy VolumeExpensive Small$1,590$300$300$150Cheap Heavy$210$1,500$300$600Wrong method = wrong product costs = wrong pricing decisionsChoose the method that matches how your freight is actually charged
Guide

How to Allocate Freight Costs Across Products

Should you allocate freight by value, weight, or quantity? Learn the 4 main allocation methods and when to use each for accurate landed costs.

8 min read
THE 28% THAT WAS 11%WHAT THE SHEET SAYSSell price$50.00Cost per item-$36.00Reported margin28%$60,000 of revenue, $16,800 of gross profitbut then...WHAT THE UNITS COSTSell price$50.00Cost per item-$36.00Freight, never put on the goods-$2.80Customs duty-$2.40Clearance, port, insurance, delivery-$1.30Paid at a worse rate than the sheet-$1.20Second container, a higher cost-$0.71Recoverable import tax: $4.24 out, $4.24 backCash flow, not cost. Never in the margin.Real margin11.2%Blended cost of the units sold: $44.41Four ordinary errors. 16.82 margin points. Not one is a counting error.Worked illustration. Every line ties: 36.00 + 2.80 + 2.40 + 1.30 + 1.20 + 0.71 = 44.41
Guide

Why Are My Import Margins So Low? 28% That Was 11%

The margin report says 28%. Once the freight, the duty and the rate you actually paid are where they belong, it is 11%. The arithmetic, line by line.

8 min read
DECODING HS CODESExample: Cotton T-shirt from China6109100010ChapterWhat is it?HeadingWhat type?SubheadingWhat exactly?National CodeCountry-specificDuty Rate16.5%HOW HS CODES WORKChapter 61Knitted or crocheted clothing6109T-shirts, singlets, tank tops6109.10Of cotton6109.10.0010Men's or boys'First 6 digits are international • Last digits vary by countryWHERE TO FIND YOUR HS CODE1Ask your supplierThey ship to many countries, they know the code2Check previous shipmentsLook at past customs documents or broker invoices3Use customs tariff lookupEach country has an online searchable database4Ask your customs brokerThey're experts at classification (that's their job)Wrong HS code = wrong duty rate = overpaying or compliance riskThe right HS code can save you thousands in duty • Always verify before importing
Tutorial

How Do I Find My Product's HS Code?

The HS code determines your duty rate, but finding the right one isn't obvious. Here are 4 ways to find the correct classification for your imports.

6 min read
FREIGHT COSTS FROM ASIA (2024-2025 RATES)SEA FREIGHT (FCL)Full Container20ft Container$1,500 - $3,50040ft Container$2,500 - $5,50040ft High Cube$2,800 - $6,000Transit time:20-35 daysPer CBM cost:$45-$90Best for: Large orders, not time-sensitiveSEA FREIGHT (LCL)Shared ContainerPer CBM$80 - $180Minimum charge$150 - $300Per kg (if heavier)$0.50 - $1.50Transit time:25-45 daysTypical % of value:8-15%Best for: Small orders, under 10 CBMAIR FREIGHTFast DeliveryPer kg (general)$3.50 - $8.00Per kg (express)$6.00 - $15.00Minimum charge$100 - $250Transit time:3-7 daysTypical % of value:15-40%Best for: Urgent, high-value, lightweightSAME SHIPMENT, DIFFERENT METHODS100kg / 0.5 CBM from Shenzhen to Los AngelesMethodCostTimePer kg% of $5,000 orderSea FCLN/A (min 15 CBM)Sea LCL$280 - $45030-40 days$2.80 - $4.505-9%Air Freight$450 - $9005-7 days$4.50 - $9.009-18%Rates vary by: season (Q4 peak), fuel costs, route, freight forwarder, and volume commitmentThese are typical market rates • Always get quotes from multiple forwarders
Guide

What Are Typical Freight Costs From Asia?

Sea freight, air freight, or express courier? Here are the typical rates for shipping from China and Asia to the US, Australia, and Europe in 2024-2025.

8 min read
CUSTOMS BROKER INVOICE BREAKDOWNBroker Invoice - Entry #12345$847.35BROKER FEES (what they keep)$285.00Customs clearance fee$150.00Documentation & filing$50.00ISF filing (US imports)$35.00Communication & handling$50.00GOVERNMENT FEES (passed through)$212.35Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF)$173.20Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF)$31.25Bond fee (single entry)$7.90PORT FEES (passed through)$350.00Terminal handling / THC$250.00Chassis / container fees$100.00WHERE THE MONEY GOES34%Broker25%Gov't41%PortBroker keeps: $285Gov't fees: $212Port fees: $350Total invoice: $847Broker's margin: $285TYPICAL BROKER FEE RANGESSimple entry (standard goods)$125 - $200Complex entry (multiple HS codes)$200 - $350FDA / PGA regulated goods$250 - $500+Annual bond (continuous)$300 - $600/yearAsk your broker for an itemized quote • Know what's their fee vs pass-through chargesGovernment and port fees are the same regardless of broker • Compare broker fees only
Guide

How Much Do Customs Brokers Charge?

Customs broker invoices include their fees plus government charges. Here's what you're actually paying for and typical fee ranges by entry type.

6 min read

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